DevelopSpace - User contributions [en]

MIT SSAG/Reference Library

2016-03-05T09:20:03Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#redirect [[Human space exploration library]]

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MIT SSAG

2016-03-05T09:19:58Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

This page is for the MIT Space Systems Architecture Group to organize its activities. This group works on a variety of space systems architecture projects, primarily in support of NASA's human space exploration endeavors.

=People=

* [[User:pwooster|Paul Wooster]] (Research Scientist)
* [[User:Hofstetter|Wilfried Hofstetter]] (PhD Candidate)
* Phillip Cunio (Masters Student)
* Zahra Khan (Masters Student)
* Timothy Sutherland (Masters Student)

=Projects=

==Current==

* Human Lunar Exploration Campaign and System Commonality Study [2007-2008]
* Human Mars Exploration Architecture and Moon-Mars Commonality Study [2007-2008]

==Past==

* Human Lunar Lander and Campaign Architecture and Cost Reduction Study [2006-2007]
* Exploration Descent and Landing System Commonality Study [2006-2007]
* MIT 16.89 Space Systems Design Class - Human Planetary Surface Mobility System Design [2006]
* Comprehensive Human Moon and Mars Exploration Study (Draper-MIT Concept Exploration & Refinement - CE&R) [2004-2005]

=Documents=

*Human Mars Missions
**[[:Image:MITSSAG_MarsOverview_4May2007.pdf|Overview of Selected Human Mars Mission Topics]] -- Paul Wooster, 4 May 2007

=Reference Library=
Our group has assembled a series of references that are of use in the analysis and design of space system architectures. These references are catalogued [[Human space exploration library|here]].

=Models and Tools=
Under construction...

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MIT Rocket Team Materials Acquisition

2016-03-05T09:19:54Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

==Procedure for Obtaining Ethanol (200 proof):==

# Print out a copy of the Authorization form linked here: [[Image:MIT_Rocket_Team_Approval_form_needles_alcohol.doc]]
# Have this document signed by a person with the title Professor, Lab Director, Department Head, M.D., or Pharmacist (as specified on the form), as well as by yourself.
# Obtain a Requisition form from Anne Maynard, in the department office in 33-214 (she's the one authorized to sign for the RT account).
# Sign the requisition yourself, immediately above Anne's signature, identifying yourself as one authorized to purchase Ethanol with the RT account.
# Take the Authorizaiton form over to Kristen Shikes on the 4th floor of NE49 (in Tech. Square), and have her fax it over to the VWR Solvent Stockroom.
# Go to the Solvent Stockroom (1:30 to 3, weekdays) in E25-169, and give the person at the window the requisition form (and possibly the original of the Authorization form, if they want it).
# Deposit the ethanol containers in either the flammables cabinet in 41-116, or in the blast chamber, 37-084.

==Information about Obtaining Gases:==

* Visit Anne Maynard in 33-214. Order using SAPWeb -> AirGas? -> Industrial Gases category.
* LN2 and LOX: 230L, 230PSI dewars (pressure listed is that of the relief valve)
* Liquid CO2: 160L, 350PSI dewar
* He: 300 cu. ft. tank

==Acquiring Metals==

* [http://www.admiralmetals.com/ Admiral Metals], Woburn MA. They have a scrap / surplus pile.
* MIT Central Machine Shop (particularly for small pieces, like small pieces of stainless steel)

==Load Cells==
* [http://www.aeroconsystems.com/loadcells/index.html Inexpensive cantilever style]

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MIT Rocket Team Material Data

2016-03-05T09:19:50Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

This data was collected by Tom Nugent while designing the main engine combustion chamber.

[[Media:material_parameters_v2.xls]]

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MIT Rocket Team

2016-03-05T09:19:45Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

==Meeting Minutes==
* [[2007-2008]]
* [[2004-2005]]

==Current Projects==

* [[Balloon Launch]]

==Technical Documents and Data==
* [[Main Engine]]
* [[Main Payload]]
* [[Igniter Design]]
* [[Tank Design]]
* [[MIT Rocket Team Material Data|Material Data]]
* [http://www.braeunig.us/space/comb.htm Mixture ratio selection]
* [[Wallops Flight Facility]]

==Administrative Documents and Procedures==

* [[MIT Rocket Team Materials Acquisition|Acquiring Materials]]
* [http://web.mit.edu/cats/www/team/reimbursement.html Getting Reimbursed for Purchases]

===IAP Design Competition===
* [[Media:2005_Schedule.xls]]
* [[Media:2005_Design_spreadsheet.xls]]
* [[Media:2005_Rules_and_info.doc]]
* [[Media:2005_Ideal_team_plan.doc]]
* [[Media:SmallEngineDesign.mws]] (Maple worksheet)
* [[Media:Combustion_analysis.out]] (CEA output)

===Rocket Team T-Shirts===
A message from Tom Nugent a long time ago:

As promised, rocket team t-shirts are now available for ordering online. I haven't had time to get all the t-shirt designs done that I'd wanted to do (I also didn't do anything with Craig's submitted design), but there are at least two up right now that people can order if they want.

* [http://www.zazzle.com/products/product/product.asp?general%5Fcategory%5Fid=103377546221529509&caching=on&product%5Fid=235808537402342024&index=2 "Amateurs'" quote]
* [http://www.zazzle.com/products/product/product.asp?general%5Fcategory%5Fid=103377546221529509&caching=on&product%5Fid=235046763101470270&index=1 Rocket Equations]

You can find both shirts in the [http://www.zazzle.com/products/gallery/browse_results.asp?general%5Fcategory%5Fid=103377546221529509 General Space Travel category]

I would recommend getting the shirts on a white or gray shirt material -- I don't know how the colors will come out on, say, a yellow or blue shirt. And remember that there are different shirt designs available -- long sleeve, polo, etc. Enjoy!

-- BlaiseGassend - 08 Feb 2005

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MATLAB Simulation

2016-03-05T09:19:41Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

== Updated Simulation ==
[[Image:Simulation.zip]]

January 17, 2008

== Simulation files ==
Click below to download:
[[Image:Sim 2007 Oct 1.zip]]

To run a simulation:
* Check out motors.m, if the motor you want isn't there, add it.
* Edit vehiclesetup.m to reflect the vehicle parameters - the file in the zip is set up for something approximately like our guess at a competition rocket.
* Edit drag.m if you want to change the Cd or perhaps vary it with airflow characteristics
* Type <code>GRAPH_SUPPRESS=0</code> (or 1 if you don't want a whole pile o' graphs)
* Type <code>simulate</code>

Other useful files in this zip:
* Atmosphere.m - a recent, accurate model of the atmosphere (pressure, density, temperature, speed of sound) at high altitudes
* balloonlift.m - a very rough and untested model of how much a balloon can lift, but maybe a useful starting point for something better

Henry (hallam at mit dot edu) wrote all of this apart from the Atmosphere code, so ask him if it's confusing.

== Results ==
[[Media:rocket_sizing.xls]]

== Simulation State Variables: ==
<ul>
<li>engine size/hybrid?
<li>nose cone design
<li>fins, deployable?
<li>nozzle modification
<li>geometry (tube dia, length)
<li>structural mass, material
<li>payload mass
<li>sensor system: airdata, LINS (inertial nav system)
<li>data rate (balloon relay?)
<li>recovery mass
<li>launch system: first stage/piston system
<li>launch angle
</ul>

== Constraints: ==
Competition
<ul>
<li>descent rate
<li>ballistic coeff: 12 lb/in^2
<li>I_max = 200,000s
<li>comm system
</ul>
Internal
<ul>
<li>CU Spaceflight: max mass
<li>$$
<li>Ignition Delay
</ul>
<math>Insert formula here</math>

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Launch Vehicle Library

2016-03-05T09:19:36Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=US Launch Vehicles=

==Redstone==

Under construction...

==Saturn Launch Vehicle Family==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19710065502_1971065502.pdf Apollo Systems Description, Volume II, Saturn Launch Vehicles, NASA-TM-X-881 (PDF)] [NASA, 1964]

===Saturn I===

Under construction...

===Saturn IB===

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740021163_1974021163.pdf Skylab Saturn IB Flight Manual, NASA-TM-X-70137, (PDF)] [MSFC, September 1972]

===Saturn V===

Under construction...

==Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Launch Vehicles==

===Falcon 1===

*[http://www.spacex.com/falcon1.php Falcon 1 overview] [SpaceX, 2007]

*[http://www.spacex.com/Falcon%201%20Payload%20Users%20Guide.pdf Falcon 1 Launch Vehicle Payload User's guide (PDF)] [SpaceX, April 2007]

===Falcon 9 / Falcon 9 Heavy===

*[http://www.spacex.com/falcon9.php Falcon 9 overview] [SpaceX, 2007]

*[http://www.spacex.com/falcon9_heavy.php Falcon 9 Heavy Overview] [SpaceX, 2007]

*[http://www.spacex.com/F9%20Data%20Sheet.pdf Falcon 9 / Falcon 9 Heavy Data Sheet (PDF)] [SpaceX, 2007]

=Soviet / Russian Launch Vehicles=

Under construction...

=European Launch Vehicles=

==Ariane Family==

===Ariane 1===

Under construction...

===Ariane 4===

Under construction...

===Ariane 5===

*[http://www.arianespace.com/site/documents/Ariane5_users_manual_Issue4.pdf Ariane 5 User's Manual - Issue 4 (PDF)] [Arianespace, November 2004]

*[http://www.arianespace.com/site/documents/ariane5_asap_index.html Ariane 5 Manual for Auxiliary Payloads (PDF)] [Arianespace, 2007]

=Chinese Launch Vehicles=

Under construction...

=Japanese Launch Vehicles=

Under construction...

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Intro

2016-03-05T09:19:32Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]

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Interwiki

2016-03-05T09:19:28Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

The DevelopSpace.net wiki supports the following "interwiki" link shortcuts, which allow you to link to an external site without having to include the full URL. The links are created the same way as links to internal pages, except by pre-pending the page name with the shortcut and a colon. The page name following the colon will be substituted in place of the "$1" on the resulting link.

For example, '''<nowiki>[[svn:minmars]]</nowiki>''' will appear as [[svn:minmars]] and link to the minmars svn repository at http://svn.developspace.net/svn/minmars

You can use a pipe character "|" to add a different link title. '''<nowiki>[[g:aerocapture | Google search for aerocapture]]</nowiki>''' will link to a [[g:aerocapture | Google search for aerocapture]]

{| border=1
|+Available Link Shortcuts
|-
!Short cut !! Link target
|-
|svn||http://svn.developspace.net/svn/$1
|-
|list||http://lists.developspace.net/listinfo.cgi/$1-developspace.net
|-
|wb||http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/$1
|-
|ws||http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/$1
|-
|wt||http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/$1
|-
|wp||http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$1
|-
|wc||http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/$1
|-
|sf||http://sourceforge.net/$1
|-
|google, g||http://www.google.com/search?q=$1
|}

If there are any other link shortcuts you think we should add, please [mailto:info@developspace.net let us know].

A couple of notes for the curious:
# By default, external links from this wiki use a [[g:rel="nofollow"|rel="nofollow"]] in the links which causes most search engines to not index the page pointed to by the external link, as a means of combating spam. These interwiki links are an exception, however, meaning that search engines will in fact index what is pointed to by these links, so in addition to being a convenient short-cut, it is a means to get search engines to index the content of, for example, our [[SVN|Subversion]] repository.
# The two shortcuts to DevelopSpace servers (svn and lists) are setup such that incoming links like http://wiki.developspace.net/svn:minmars and http://wiki.developspace.net/list:minmars will forward to those respective sites. The other short-cuts don't work that way.

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Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle

2016-03-05T09:19:23Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

[[Category:Projects]]

= Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle Concepts for Near Term Human Exploration Missions beyond LEO =

Related files for this project can be viewed by [[ITV:Files|clicking here]].
== Introduction and Motivation ==
This paper presents design concepts for interplanetary transfer vehicles that could be used to carry out deep space missions envisioned by the “Flexible Path” scenario described in the final report of the Augustine Commission [1]. These include missions to lunar orbit, libration points, Geostationary Orbit (GEO), Near Earth Objects (NEOs), as well as a lunar flyby. The focus of the analysis presented here is on interplanetary transfer vehicle concepts which can be realized in the near-term, i.e. by the end of the 2010s or the beginning of the 2020s. The selection of preferred interplanetary transfer vehicle designs is based on a comprehensive integrated performance analysis of mission types and propulsive capabilities.

== Ground Rules and Assumptions ==
The following mission types for interplanetary transfer vehicles are considered: a lunar flyby, a low lunar orbit mission, a mission to GEO, a mission to a Sun-Earth libration point (such as SE-L2), and a mission to a NEO (see FIgure 1). All of these mission types can be carried out with mission durations that lie within the US experience of microgravity exposure, yet offer significant benefits with regard to advancing experience with deep-space human spaceflight operations as well as provide relevant science opportunities [2] [1].

3 options for shuttle-derived heavy-lift launch vehicles were considered (see Figure 2): a side-mount vehicle with two 4-segment solid rocket boosters and 3 Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs), an inline vehicle with two 4-segment solid rocket boosters and 3 SSMEs, as well as an inline vehicle with two 5-segment solid rocket boosters and 4 SSMEs; all based on conceptual designs by NASA [3][4]. Vehicles with upper stages based on the RL-10 engine or J-2X engine were not considered because their availability by the end of the 2010s or beginning of the 2020s would be less likely [1].

For in-space propulsion, the upper stage of the Delta IV Heavy EELV and the Centaur V1 upper stage of the Atlas V EELV were considered [5] [6]; furthermore, it was assumed that the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) with its crew module and service module (propulsive module) [7] would be available. For additional pressurized / habitable volume, it was assumed that a crew compartment similar to the lunar lander ascent stage compartment [4] would be available.

== Mission Payloads ==
Figure 3 provides an overview of the payloads associated with the different mission types outlined above. For the short-duration lunar flyby and lunar orbit missions, the CEV itself provides sufficient pressurized volume for 4 people; for the longer-duration GEO, SE-L2, and NEO missions it is assumed that the additional crew compartment would be utilized. Additional payloads are tailored to the specific mission types.

== Integrated Performance Analysis ==

In order to assess the compatibility of launch vehicle, in-space propulsion, and mission payload choices, an integrated performance analysis of in-space propulsion options (differentiated by the number of Delta IH Heavy or Centaur V1 upper stages) was carried out over a range of possible payloads. The results are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5; payload masses for different mission types as well as LEO-launch mass limits for different launch vehicle choices are highlighted.

== Preferred Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle Designs ==
For each launch vehicle option, preferred interplanetary transfer vehicle designs were selected (see Figure 6):

* For the 4-segment SRB, 3 SSME side-mount and in-line vehicles, using a two-launch architecture with two sequentially mounted Centaur V1 upper stages and the additional crew compartment and science payload on the first launch, and two sequentially mounted Centaur V1 upper stages and the CEV on the second launch is the preferred configuration. The vehicle and spacecraft for the second launch (two sequentially mounted Centaur V1 upper stages and the CEV) can be utilized alone to carry out lunar flyby and orbit missions.
* For the 5-segment SRB, 4 SSME in-line vehicle, using a two-launch architecture with two sequentially mounted Delta IV Heavy upper stages on the first launch, and one Delta IV Heavy upper stage, the additional crew compartment and science payload and the CEV on the second launch is the preferred configuration. The vehicle and spacecraft for the second launch without the extra crew compartment can be utilized alone to carry out lunar flyby and orbit missions.

== Conclusions and Further Work ==
From the above analyses, a number of findings can be derived:

* Significant exploration beyond LEO is possible based on a shuttle-derived heavy-lift launch vehicle with a LEO net payload capability of more than 70 mt, the CEV, adapted EELC upper stages, and an additional pressurized crew compartment (for longer-duration missions).
* The missions enabled by the above elements can provide significant operational experience beyond LEO, provide insight into the effects of the interplanetary radiation environment on humans, and result in sample return from Near Earth Objects.
* These missions require no more than 1-2 launches of the heavy-lift launch vehicle; assuming that the heavy-lift launch vehicle can be launched 4-6 times per year (supported by the record of shuttle launches), 2-3 such 2-launch missions could be carried out each year.
* The integrated performance analysis suggests that more ambitious deep space mission such as Mars flyby missions may be possible given a two-launch architecture using one of the above launch vehicles.

A number of recommendations for future work could also be derived:

* While the above missions are of particular relevance to the Flexible Path scenario, these missions are relevant as initial exploration missions to whatever scenario is chosen for NASA’s future human spaceflight strategy.
* The preferred interplanetary transfer vehicle concepts should be subjected to more detailed design analysis.
* The application of 2-launch architectures to more ambitious deep space missions such as Mars flyby missions should be investigated.
* The analysis should be extended to include other currently available in-space propulsion and habitation assets.

== References ==
[1] Review of Human Spaceflight Plans Committee, Seeking a Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of a Great Nation – Final Report, Washington, DC, October 2009.

[2] International Academy of Astronautics, The Next Steps in Exploring Deep Space – Final Report, July 9, 2004.

[3] Shannon, J., Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle, Presented to the Review of U.S. Human Spaceflight Plans Committee, June 17, 2009.

[4] Exploration Systems Architecture Study Team, Exploration Systems Architecture Study - Final Report, NASA, N ... \n

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InterestingLinks

2016-03-05T09:19:15Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

This page provides links to external sites of interest for the DevelopSpace concept. A listing of links to open source software tools for engineering are also provided as part of the DevelopSpace [[Open Source Engineering Tools]] project.

=Open Source Space Activities=
*[http://cstart.org/ CSTART] - An open source, international space agency currently working on a sounding rocket and, longer term, a series of manned missions culminating in moon landings.
*[http://www.openluna.org/ The OpenLuna Foundation] - A group planning a series of manned and unmanned moon mission.
*SEDSAT-2 - A international, collaboratively developed cubesat. ([http://wiki.seds.org/index.php/SEDSAT-2 SEDS Wiki]) ([http://protoforge.org/projects/Project.php?pid=49 Protoforge Project])
*[http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/eagle/EaglePedia/index.php/Main_Page AMSAT Eagle Satellite Wiki Documentation (FDL)] ([http://www.amsat.org AMSAT] has been developing spacecraft for the amateur radio community since the early 1960s)
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/ Virtual Apollo Guidance Computer (GPL)]
*[http://www.cosmoscode.org/ CosmosCode] - A NASA Ames open source software initiative, part of NASA Ames [http://colab.arc.nasa.gov/ CoLab]
*The Open Source Spacecraft Project (FDL) - <nowiki>www.OpenSourceSpacecraft.org</nowiki>
*[http://openflightlinux.org OpenFlightLinux Project]
*[http://www.lunarpedia.org Lunarpedia (Public Domain)]
*[http://www.marspedia.org Marspedia (Public Domain)]
*Also see our [[Open Source Engineering Tools]] listing.
* [http://openvirgle.net/ openvirgle] ([http://www.openvirgle.info/wiki/index.php/Main_Page])

=Articles Related to Open Source and Space=
*Open Source Software and its Role in Space Exploration ([http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa06/tech/slides/byrne.pdf Presentation (PDF)], [http://www.cio.com/article/111950 Article]) by D.J. Byrne
*[http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/onlamp/2006/03/30/software-of-space-exploration.html Software of Space Exploration by David Boswell]
*[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-sat/?t=gr,lnxw01=OSsat Open Source Satellite Control]
*[http://gerlachspace.com/resources/Open%20Source%20Space%20Program.pdf Building an Open Source Space Program]
*[http://www.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=04/09/25/188215 Open source lives on Mars with rover mission extension]

*[http://www.kurtz-fernhout.com/oscomak/SSI_Fernhout2001_web.html A Review of Licensing and Collaborative Development with Special Attention to the Design of Self-Replicating Space Habitat Systems]

=Open Source Beyond Software=
These sites may have relevant insights and inspiration for activities here:
*Open source being applied in specific domains
**http://openwetware.org/
**http://www.openarchitecturenetwork.org (need to register to see full set of projects)
**Three related sites: http://www.epower-propulsion.com/, http://www.efluids.com/, and http://www.emicronano.com/ (some aspects of the content of these is directly relevant to DevelopSpace)
**http://imechanica.org
**[http://www.aerogel.org/ Open source aerogel]
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open_source_hardware_projects Wikipedia list of open source hardware projects]
**A variety of open source rapid prototyping / 3D printers (might be something you'd want in your Mars outpost...):
***[http://www.makerbot.com/ MakerBot]
***[http://reprap.org RepRap]
***[http://fabathome.org Fab@Home]

[http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/mar2007/id20070302_219704.htm The New Science of Sharing] a Business Week article on open source in science.

=Additional Links=

NASA Software Distribution Policy
* http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/displayAll.cfm?Internal_ID=N_PR_2210_001A_&page_name=all

Random Open Source links
*[http://dxm.org/fm/cookingpot/ Cooking pot markets]: an economic model for the trade in free goods and services on the Internet
*[http://p2pfoundation.net/The_Foundation_for_P2P_Alternatives P2P foundation] studies the impact of Peer to Peer technology and thought on society

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Index.php/People

2016-03-05T09:19:11Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#REDIRECT [[People]]

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Index.php/Main Page

2016-03-05T09:19:07Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

Index.php/EarlyThoughts

2016-03-05T09:19:03Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#REDIRECT [[EarlyThoughts]]

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Igniter Design

2016-03-05T09:18:59Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

[[Media:Igniter_Design.doc]]

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ITV:Files

2016-03-05T09:18:55Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

Here is a collection of working files to be used as part of the ITV project.

AIAA Space 2010 Extended Abstract as submitted:
[[File:ITV_Extended_Abstract_(as_submitted).pdf]]

WORD draft of extended abstract:
[[File:ITV_Extended_Abstract_v5.doc]]

ITV spreadsheet:
[[File:Interplanetary_Transfer_Vehicle_v3.xls]]

ITV D4H design spreadsheet:
[[File:ITV_design_D4H_v3.xls]]

ITV results powerpoint:
[[FIle: ITV_results_v4.ppt]]

Launch vehicle powerpoint:
[[File:ITV_Launch_Vehicles.ppt]]

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ITV

2016-03-05T09:18:51Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#REDIRECT [[Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle]]

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IAC 2007 Abstract

2016-03-05T09:18:45Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

The following is an abstract related to DevelopSpace submited to the IAC 2007 conference.

===Building-Up the Technical Foundations for Human Space Activities through Open Source Space Endeavors===

This paper examines ways in which the “open source” concept, which emerged from the software world and is currently being applied in a variety of endeavors, can be used to advance human space activities. In general, open source (in this context) is defined as an approach in which the technical information required to solve a particular problem or provide a particular service or capability (typically source code in the context of open source software) is openly shared under a license which allows for use, modification, and redistribution of the relevant information without royalties. Space projects face a wide variety of technical challenges which must be overcome in order to successfully achieve their objectives. While specific technical challenges are in some cases unique to an individual project, in many cases the majority of challenges represent obstacles that have been overcome in previous projects, although frequently the solutions to these challenges are not widely available. As such, identical work must frequently be repeated across space endeavors, increasing both the cost and risk (both developmental and operational) of such activities. By instead providing the information required to overcome the technical obstacles inherent in all space activities in an open source manner, the technical foundations for human space activities can be incrementally increased over time more effectively, and with significantly decreased need for duplication of effort. New space activities can be initiated more quickly and for lower cost and risk than under traditional space development paradigms. Opportunities for international collaboration and the inclusion of contributions from individuals around the world in space activities are also greatly increased under this model, thereby greatly enlarging the intellectual resource base for the advancement and development of human space endeavors.

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IAC 2007

2016-03-05T09:18:41Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

*Accepted for full presentation
*Full paper due September 1, 2007

=Building-Up the Technical Foundations for Human Space Activities through Open Source Space Endeavors=

==Abstract==

This paper examines ways in which the “open source” concept, which emerged from the software world and is currently being applied in a variety of endeavors, can be used to advance human space activities. In general, open source (in this context) is defined as an approach in which the technical information required to solve a particular problem or provide a particular service or capability (typically source code in the context of open source software) is openly shared under a license which allows for use, modification, and redistribution of the relevant information without royalties. Space projects face a wide variety of technical challenges which must be overcome in order to successfully achieve their objectives. While specific technical challenges are in some cases unique to an individual project, in many cases the majority of challenges represent obstacles that have been overcome in previous projects, although frequently the solutions to these challenges are not widely available. As such, identical work must frequently be repeated across space endeavors, increasing both the cost and risk (both developmental and operational) of such activities. By instead providing the information required to overcome the technical obstacles inherent in all space activities in an open source manner, the technical foundations for human space activities can be incrementally increased over time more effectively, and with significantly decreased need for duplication of effort. New space activities can be initiated more quickly and for lower cost and risk than under traditional space development paradigms. Opportunities for international collaboration and the inclusion of contributions from individuals around the world in space activities are also greatly increased under this model, thereby greatly enlarging the intellectual resource base for the advancement and development of human space endeavors.

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Human space exploration library

2016-03-05T09:18:35Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=General References=

* [http://www.aas.org/dps/frs/The%20Next%20Fifty%20Years.pdf Human Space Exploration: The Next 50 Years] [AAS, 2007] Edited draft of a speech by NASA Administrator Mike Griffin

=Human Space Exploration Architecture Studies=

==Human Space Exploration Policy and Program Strategy==

===NASA FY2011 Budget Request===

*[http://www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html NASA FY2011 budget request website] [NASA, February 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/420990main_FY_201_%20Budget_Overview_1_Feb_2010.pdf NASA FY2011 Budget Request Overview (PDF)] [NASA, February 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/428356main_Exploration.pdf FY2011 Exploration Systems budget request (PDF)] [NASA, February 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/428432main_Space_Operations.pdf FY2011 Space Operations budget request (PDF)] [NASA, February 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/428439main_Space_technology.pdf Space Technology budget request (PDF)] [NASA, February 2010]

=== Review of US Human Spaceflight Plans Committee (Augustine Committee) [2009]===

* [http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/home/index.html Website of the Augustine Committee] [NASA, 2009]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/397898main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport_High.pdf Final Report of the Augustine Committee (PDF)] [NASA, 2009]

===Global Exploration Strategy (GES) Framework===

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/178109main_ges_framework.pdf GES Framework Document (PDF)] [May 31, 2007] Non-binding strategy document of 14 space agencies, including NASA, ESA, CSA, JAXA, Roscosmos, DLR, CNES, and others; the framework represents the result of discussions between the space agencies which have been ongoing since 2006.

===ESA Exploration Strategy===

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/259221main_NASA_ESA_CAA-Report.pdf NASA / ESA comparative architecture assessment (PDF)] [July 2008] Features different scenarios of ESA contributions to NASA's implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration; based on the Global Exploration Strategy framework.

===US Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) [2004]===

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/space/renewed_spirit.html A Renewed Spirit of Discovery: The President's Vision for U.S. Space Exploration] [2004]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/news/ESAS_report.html NASA Exploration System Architecture Study] [2005]

===US Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) [1989]===

* [http://history.nasa.gov/sei.htm SEI site at NASA History Division]

* [http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/public_papers.php?id=712&year=1989&month=all] [July 20, 1989]

* [http://history.nasa.gov/staffordrep/main_toc.PDF America at the Threshold (Stafford Report)] [May 1991] Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiative

===US Pre-SEI Studies [1980s]===

* [http://history.nasa.gov/riderep/main.PDF NASA Leadership and America's Future in Space (Ride Report)] [1987]

==Human Lunar Exploration Architecture Studies==

A list of references for human lunar exploration architecture studies is provided [[Human Lunar Exploration Architecture Studies|here]].

==Human Mars Exploration Architecture Studies==

A list of human Mars exploration architecture studies is provided [[Human Mars Exploration Architecture Studies|here]].

==Human Near-Earth-Object (NEO) Exploration Architecture Studies==

Near-Earth Object, i.e. comets and asteriods that have heliocentric orbits very close to that of the Earth (in some cases crossing that of the Earth), represent interesting targets for human exploration for a number of reasons, among others: they are scientifically interesting and offer an opportunity for sample return, and a mission to a NEO has value as preparation for human Mars missions. Related to NASA's Project Constellation a number of studies have been carried out to assess opportunities for carrying out human missions to NEOs using Constellation hardware.

*[http://www.digitalspace.com/projects/neo-mission/docs/AIAA_07_CEVtoNEO_Abstract.pdf A Piloted Orion Flight to a Near Earth Object: a Feasibility Study (PDF)] [Landis et al., 2007]

*[http://www.digitalspace.com/projects/neo-mission/docs/Paul_LPSC2007%20(2_figs)%20poster.pdf Poster: Scientific Exploration of Near-Earth Objects via the Crew Exploration Vehicle (PDF)] [Abell et al., 2007]

==Human Venus Exploration Architecture Studies==

A list of references for human Venus exploration architecture studies is provided [[Human Venus Exploration Architecture Studies|here]].

=Ongoing Human Spaceflight Programs=

==NASA Multi-Program Integrated Milestones (MPIM)==

*[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/iss_manifest.html NASA Consolidated Launch Manifest for missions to the International Space Station] [NASA, 2010]

* [http://www.floridatoday.com/content/blogs/space/MPIM09Q2.pdf NASA MPIM-rev-FY2009-Q2 (PDF)] [NASA, FY 2009 Q2]

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/226900main_MPIM-rev-FY2008-Q3.pdf NASA MPIM-rev-FY2008-Q3 (PDF)] [NASA, FYQ3 2008]

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/182032main_MPIM-rev-2007-07-10-01.pdf NASA MPIM-rev-2007-07-10-01] [NASA, July 2007]

*[http://images.spaceref.com/news/2007/MPIM-rev-2007-04.m.pdf NASA MPIM-rev-2007-04] [NASA, March 2007]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070021775_2007019847.pdf Space Shuttle Strategic Planning Status] [NASA, 2007]

*[http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/tran_plan.pdf Human Space Flight Transition Plan] [NASA, 2006]

==NASA New Exploration Enterprise (since February 2010)==

Based on the President's FY 2011 budget request for NASA and the cancellation of the Constellation program contained therein, a new exploration enterprise has been created at NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. The main program elements of the new exploration enterprise are (1) a Heavy Lift & Propulsion Technology (HL&PT) program, (2) a Flagship Technology Demonstrations (FTD) program, (3) a Explorations Precursor Robotic Missions (xPRM) program, a (4) Exploration Technology Development & Demonstration (ETDD) program, a (5) Commercial Crew (CC) program, and a (6) Participatory Exploration (PE) program.

* [http://www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html NASA 2011 budget website] [NASA, February 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/420990main_FY_201_%20Budget_Overview_1_Feb_2010.pdf NASA FY 2011 Budget Overview (PDF)] [NASA, February 2011]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/new_space_enterprise/home/workshop_home.html NASA Exploration Enterprise Workshop Proceedings] [Galveston, May 2010]

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/457412main_EEWS_ANewSpaceEnterprise.pdf Overview of the New Exploration Enterprise (PDF)] [Douge Cooke, May 2010]

===Exploration Technology Development & Demonstration (ETDD) Program===

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/457438main_EEWS_EnablingTechnologyDevelopmentandDemonstration.pdf Overview of the Exploration Technology Development & Demonstration (ETDD) Program (PDF)] [Chris Moore, May 2010]

*[http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=141195 Exploration Technology Development & Demonstration (ETDD) RFI] [NASA, May ... \n

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Human Venus Exploration Architecture Studies

2016-03-02T13:51:12Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=Manned Venus Flyby Mission=

==Manned Venus Flyby Systems==

During the Apollo program, a number of studies for manned Venus flyby missions were carried out based on Apollo/Saturn systems. Venus flyby missions have a total duration of ~1 year, and TVI (Trans-Venus Injection) and Earth entry requirements similar to human Mars missions.

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072306_1979072306.pdf Preliminary considerations of Venus exploration via manned flyby, NASA-CR-91564] [1967]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072236_1979072236.pdf A survey of manned Mars and Venus flyby missions in the 1970's, NASA-CR-152882] [Bellcomm/Vanderveen 1966]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072165_1979072165.pdf Manned Venus flyby, NASA-CR-114025] [Bellcomm February 1967]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072312_1979072312.pdf Low-energy 1977 triple-planet flybys with an inherent abort option, NASA-CR-95564] [Bellcomm/Vanderveen 1968]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670002494_1967002494.pdf Multiple planet flyby missions to Venus and Mars in 1975 to 1980 time period, NASA-TM-X-53511] [Young 1966]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072288_1979072288.pdf The existence of a 1981 triple-planet ballistic flyby, NASA-CR-154728] [1967]

==Manned Venus Flyby Science Payloads/Systems==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690006258_1969006258.pdf Buoyant Venus station mission feasibility study for 1972 and 1973 launch opportunities. Volume 1 - Mission summary definition and comparison Final report, NASA-CR-66725-1] [1969]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690006259_1969006259.pdf Buoyant Venus station mission feasibility study for 1972 and 1973 launch opportunities. Volume 2 - Trajectory analysis for 1972 and 1973 missions Final report, NASA-CR-66725-2] [1969]

=Manned Venus Orbiting Mission=

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670017910_1967017910.pdf Manned Venus orbiting mission, NASA-TM-X-52311] [Willis 1967]

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Human Mars Exploration Architecture Studies

2016-03-02T13:51:08Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=General References=

*[http://www.amazon.com/Mars-Project-Wernher-Von-Braun/dp/0252062272/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1289126516&sr=8-1 The Mars Project] [Wernher v. Braun 1962] The original human Mars mission design (chemical propulsion, conjunction class)

*[http://history.nasa.gov/monograph21.pdf Humans to Mars - 50 Years of Mission Planning, NASA SP-2001-4521 (PDF)] [February 2001] By David S. F. Portree, NASA History Division

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19980210557_1998358277.pdf Interplanetary Mission Design Handbook: Earth-to-Mars Mission Opportunities and Mars-to-Earth Return Opportunities 2009-2024 (PDF)] [NASA MSFC 1998]

=Round-Trip Human Mars Exploration=

==NASA Human Mars Mission Studies==

*[http://www.marsinstitute.info/epo/docs/jan05/human_studies.ppt Human Mars Exploration Mission Architectures and Technologies (PPT)] [Connolly, Joosten, January 2005] This is a good summary of NASA human Mars mission architecting studies and insights gained.

===Apollo-Era Mission Designs===

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630041958_1963041958.pdf A STUDY OF MANNED NUCLEAR-ROCKET MISSIONS TO MARS (PDF)] [NASA Glenn 1961]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072312_1979072312.pdf Low-energy 1977 triple-planet flybys with an inherent abort option (PDF)] [Vanderveen, NASA 1968]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740072712_1974072712.pdf Manned exploration of Mars: A minimum-energy mission plan for maximum scientific return (PDF)] [Funk et al., NASA JSC 1968]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072138_1979072138.pdf Integrated space program - Manned planetary missions for the 1980's (PDF)] [Bellcomm / NASA 1969]

===Pre-SEI Human Mars Mission Studies===

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19870008306_1987008306.pdf Manned Mars flyby mission and configuration concept (PDF)] [NASA MSFC 1986]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19870008305_1987008305.pdf Concept for a manned Mars flyby (PDF)] [NASA JSC 1986]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19870008312_1987008312.pdf A manned Mars mission concept with artificial gravity (PDF)] Davis, NASA 86]

===Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Human Mars Mission Studies===

*[http://history.nasa.gov/90_day_study.pdf Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars, NASA-TM-102999 (PDF)] [November 1989]

*[http://history.nasa.gov/90_day_cost_summary.pdf Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars - Cost Summary (PDF)] [November 1989]

*[http://history.nasa.gov/staffordrep/main_toc.PDF Stafford Commission America at the Threshold - Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiative (PDF)] [Stafford et al. 1991]

===Mars Design Reference Mission Studies===

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19980037039_1998107111.pdf The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team, NASA/SP-6107 (PDF)] [July 1997] Commonly referred to as NASA Mars DRM 1.0

* [[:image:SP-6107-ADD_NASA_Mars_DRM_3.pdf|Addendum to the NASA Mars DRM, NASA/SP—6107–ADD]] [Bret Drake (editor), June 1998] Commonly referred to as NASA Mars DRM 3.0

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000025321_2000013335.pdf Human Mars Mission Weights and Mass Properties, NASA CR-2000-209874 PT1 (PDF)] [Brothers, October 1999]

* [http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TP-2001-209371.pdf NASA Mars surface reference mission, NASA/TP—2001–209371 (PDF)] [December 2001]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070025041_2007023230.pdf Exploration Blueprint - Data Book, NASA JSC-63724 (PDF)] [Drake, February 2007 (release date)] Contains information on NASA Mars DRM 4.0 and the Dual Landers DRM starting page 178

*NASA’s Decadal Planning Team - Mars Mission Analysis Summary, JSC-63725 [Drake BG (editor), released 2007]

*[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/leag2007/presentations/20071001.drake.pdf From the Moon to Mars - The Things We Most Need to Learn at the Moon to Support the Subsequent Human Exploration of Mars (PDF)] [Drake, October 2007] Presentation by Bret Drake, NASA-JSC, to NASA LEAG; contains background information on the still unpublished NASA Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090010571_2009009101.pdf Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 Study: Executive Summary (PDF)] [Bret Drake, 2/2009 (release date)] Summary of the latest NASA Mars design reference for human Mars missions

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/373665main_NASA-SP-2009-566.pdf NASA Design Reference Architecture 5.0 (PDF)] NASA-SP-2009-566 [July 2009]

*[http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/373667main_NASA-SP-2009-566-ADD.pdf NASA Design Reference Architecture 5.0 Addendum (PDF)] NASA-SP-2009-566-ADD [July 2009]

===Non-DRM Studies===

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20030014643_2003016789.pdf Vehicle and Mission Design Options for the Human Exploration of Mars/Phobos Using "Bimodal" NTR and LANTR Propulsion (PDF)] [Borowski et al. NASA Glenn 2002]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070023306_2007019854.pdf Preliminary Assessment of Artificial Gravity Impacts to Deep-Space Vehicle Design, NASA JSC-63743 (PDF)] [Joosten, February 2007 (release date)] This is a NEP and artificial gravity based Mars reference mission put together by NASA after Mars DRM 4.

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070022759_2007019853.pdf Reducing the Risk of Human Missions to Mars Through Testing, NASA JSC-63726 (PDF)] [Drake, February 2007 (release date)]

*[http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/41432/1/09-3135.pdf Austere Human Mission to Mars (PDF)] NASA JPL (H. Price et al) Minimalist Mars Design Reference Mission [Space 2009 AIAA Conference Paper] JPL minimalist round-trip mission study from 2009

*[http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/41431/1/09-3642.pdf Austere Human Mission to Mars (PDF)] NASA JPL (H. Price et al) [AIAA Presentation Slides] JPL minimalist round-trip mission study from 2009

==Mars Mission Designs by Robert Zubrin==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910018923_1991018923.pdf Humans to Mars in 1999 (PDF)] [Zubrin, Baker 1991]

*[http://www.lampsacus.com/documents/MARSDIRECTSPACEEXPLORATION.pdf Mars Direct - A Simple, Robust, and Cost Effective Architecture for the Space Exploration Initiative (PDF)] [Zubrin, Baker 1991] Overview of the Mars Direct exploration architecture

*[http://pdf.aiaa.org/getfile.cfm?urlX=85%26%5D0%3BU%2BDN%26S7R%20CMU%24CBQ%3A%2B64K8%26%5FOGJ%0A&urla=%25%2ARH%27%21P%2C%20%0A&urlb=%21%2A%20%20%20%0A&urlc=%21%2A0%20%20%0A&urle=%27%2B%22D%22%23PJCU0%20%20%0A Athena extended Mars flyby mission design (PDF)] [Zurbin, 1996]

==Inspiration Mars==

The Inspiration Mars Foundation (IMF) is a non-for-profit organization de ... \n

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Human Lunar Exploration Architecture Studies

2016-03-02T13:51:03Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=General References=

* [http://ads.harvard.edu/books/lbsa/ Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century] [Mendell, 1984] Papers from a NASA-sponsored, public symposium hosted by the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., Oct. 29-31, 1984

=Apollo Lunar Outpost Concepts=

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072038_1979072038.pdf Manned Lunar Program Options – Missions Equipment, NASA-CR-90708] [Bellcomm Inc., 1967]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790072041_1979072041.pdf Apollo Lunar Exploration Program (LEP) concept study] [Bellcomm Inc., Jan, 1968]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19680006032_1968006032.pdf Lunar Surface Mobility Systems Comparison and Evolution Study (MOBEV) – Final Presentation Report, NASA-CR-92641] [Bendix Corp., Nov 1966] Contractor report to NASA-MSFC

* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/aesrbase.htm Apollo Extension System (AES) lunar base] [Wade, 2007] Encyclopedia Astronautica entry on the AES lunar base concept

* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/alsrbase.htm Apollo Logistics Support System (ALSS) lunar base] [Wade, 2007] Encyclopedia Astronautica entry on the ALSS lunar base concept

* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lunm1968.htm Apollo Lunar Exploration Program (LEP) concept] [Wade, 2007] Encyclopedia Astronautica entry on the LEP concept proposed by Bellcomm, Inc.

* [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lesrbase.htm Lunar Exploration System for Apollo (LESA) concept] [Wade, 2007] Encyclopedia Astronautica entry on the LESA concept

=NASA Pre-SEI Exploration Studies=

Under construction...

=NASA Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Concepts=

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930018785_1993018785.pdf Options for a lunar base surface architecture (PDF)] [Roberts BB, 1992] NASA JSC architecture concept for a lunar base, including campaign description

=US / NASA Post-SEI Concepts=

==NASA First Lunar Outpost (FLO, 1992)==

* [http://nss.org/settlement/moon/FLO.html National Space Society (NSS) FLO overview] [2007]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19920024065_1992024065.pdf Proceedings of the 3rd SEI Technical Interchange Meeting] [May 1992]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930013516_1993013516.pdf Space Transfer Concepts and Analyses for Exploration Missions - Technical Directive 13] [1992] Boeing contractor study for NASA-MSFC

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930021845_1993021845.pdf Space Transfer Concepts and Analyses for Exploration Missions - Phase 3 final report] [1993] Boeing contractor study for NASA-MSFC

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930013865_1993013865.pdf First Lunar Outpost Support Study] [1993] Study of FLO lunar habitat interior layout by Saskawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA), University of Houston, prepared for NASA-JSC

==NASA Lunox (1993)==

* [http://nss.org/settlement/moon/LUNOX.html NSS overview of the NASA Lunox architecture] [Marc Lindroos, 2006]

* [http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC033.HTML Enabling Lunar Exploration through Early Resource Utilization, AIAA 93-4784] [1993] Conference paper prepared by Kent Joosten and Lisa Guerra, NASA-JSC

==General Dynamics Early Lunar Access (ELA, 1993)==

* [http://nss.org/settlement/moon/ELA.html NSS overview of the ELA architecture] [Marc Lindroos, 2006]

==NASA Lox Augmented Nuclear Thermal Rocket (LANTR, 1994)==

* [http://nss.org/settlement/moon/LANTR.html NSS overview of LANTR architecture] [Marc Lindroos, 2006]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19960002346_1996102346.pdf Human Exploration and Settlement of the Moon Using LUNOX- Augmented NTR Propulsion, NASA/TM-107093] [Borowski et al., 1995]

* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20020022207_2002002907.pdf "2001: A Space Odyssey" Revisited, NASA TM-1998-208830-REV1] [Borowski et al., 1997]

==NASA Human Lunar Return (HLR) (1996)==

* [http://nss.org/settlement/moon/HLR.html NSS overview of the HLR architecture] [Marc Lindroos, 2006]

=NASA Constellation Program Concepts (2005-present)=

==NASA Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS, 2005)==

* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/news/ESAS_report.html NASA Exploration System Architecture Study] [2005]

==2nd Space Exploration Conference, December 2006==

*[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/main/2nd_exploration_conf.html NASA 2nd Exploration Conference website] [NASA 2007] This website provides a detailed agenda with links to charts and videos presented at the 2nd Space Exploration Conference December 4-6, 2006, in Houston.

* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/164310main_2nd_exp_conf_26_ExplorationStrategyArch_IntegratedLAT_CookeVolosinLavoie.pdf NASA lunar architecture overview (PDF)] [Lavoie A, December 2006]

*[http://images.spaceref.com/news/2007/AIAA.ESMD.SPACE.2007.pdf NASA lunar architecture update at the AIAA Space 2007 conference (PDF)] [Yoder G, September 2007]

==NASA Advisory Council (NAC) Workshop, February /March 2007==

* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LEA/presentations/ Workshop on Science Associated with the Lunar Exploration Architecture] [February 27 - March 2, 2007] Most of the presentations from the workshop are available online

==3rd Space Exploration Conference==

Under construction...

== US Chamber of Commerce workshop on NASA's lunar surface systems concepts 2/2009 ==

*[http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/library/lss_systems_concepts_workshop.html US CoC Workshop Proceedings] [February 2009]

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Ethylene

2016-03-02T13:50:58Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

[[Category:ISRU]]

Ethylene (C2H4) can be produced on Mars from carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and either hydrogen imported from Earth or water extracted from local sources (e.g., ice in regolith, atmospheric vapor)

While methane (CH4) - oxygen (O2) has been proposed as an ISRU-derived propellant for Mars ascent and Earth return systems, ethylene-oxygen propulsion could offer the advantage of lower hydrogen content, and slightly higher Isp and density than methane-oxygen propulsion. Additionally, liquefying ethylene on Mars should be easier than methane, given ethylene's higher boiling point.

The following data is extracted from the "Theoretical performance of rocket propellant combinations" table created by Rocketdyne Chemical and Material Technology.

{| class="sortable" border="1" cellpadding ="2"
|+ '''Ethylene compared to other fuels, at 1000 psia chamber pressure, and expansion ratio of 40'''
|-
! Fuel !! Oxidizer !! Isp (s) !! O/F ratio !! Chamber temperature (deg F) !! Bulk density (g/cm^3) !! C* (ft/s)
|-
| ''Ethylene (C2H4)'' || Oxygen (O2) || 370.9 || 2.59 || 6370 || 0.89 || 6085
|-
| Hydrogen (H2) || Oxygen (O2) || 455.3 || 4.83 || 5392 || 0.32 || 7828
|-
| Methane (CH4) || Oxygen (O2)|| 368.9 || 3.45 || 5954 || 0.83 || 6030
|-
| Ethane (C2H6) || Oxygen (O2) || 365.7 || 3.10 || 6064 || 0.91 || 5986
|-
| Kerosene (RP-1) || Oxygen (O2)|| 358.2 || 2.77 || 6202 || 1.03 || 5850
|-
| Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) || Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) || 341.5 || 2.37 || 5657 || 1.20 || 5657
|-
| Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) || Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) || 336.8 || 3.69 || 4905 || 1.24 || 5623
|}

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EarlyThoughts

2016-03-02T13:50:54Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

30 November 2005, Paul Wooster

It is difficult to know a priori what the DevelopSpace system will be used for and how it will be used. Many possible applications exist, each with some unique aspects to how the system would be developed if it were focused on that particular application. As such, is there a way to create the DevelopSpace system such that it can be flexible and useful across a wide range of applications, some of them currently not even envisioned? In other words, can the system be created to enable a base level of functionality while also allowing additional new functionality to emerge over time?

One of the difficulties in achieving this goal will be in providing sufficient functionality to achieve these varying objectives, without providing so generic a set of tools that using them is very cumbersome or people do not find the site to be useful beyond already existing entities. At the same time however, some benefit can be derived simply through having a single portal for a community to gather around and focus their minds towards a particular objective. Along such lines, however, content of sufficient quantity, quality, and dynamism must exist for a community to actually coalesce.

A number of online communities already exist in the space realm, and they may offer some indication of potential models for development. My impression of many of these communities, however, is that they tend to be focused more on discussion than on action, and as such may not entirely suited to the intent of creating a community that takes action in the technical realm towards developing space.

From an organizational stand-point, it is probably worth investigating how other online development communities organize themselves and how the members in such organizations proceed through various levels of responsibility and authority. Some organizations that come to mind as potential models include SlashDot, Wikipedia, Apache Software Foundation, Linux, SourceForge, and the Free Software Foundation. Some of these may be appropriate for this endeavor, others may not. Many additional examples likely exist as well that are worthy of analysis.

Sometime in the fall of 2005, Paul Wooster

Just spoke with Wilfried very briefly about the concept of enabling distributed groups of people to contribute to space exploration. The question he asked, which is quite reasonable, was “What would they do, and how would it be different from what NASA could do?” Part of the question was if they would just come up with ideas, or if they would do something different.

In order to be effective, it would be important that they not simply “come up with ideas”, but instead make a meaningful contribution that will make it easier and less expensive to do things in the future. It’s important to not simply be a group that talks about things, but a group that does things. That being said, the question still exists as to what is a meaningful contribution.

One of the biggest difficulties is in the degree of subjectivity which pervades space exploration system design work. One person’s reasonable estimate is overly optimistic to a different person and overly conservative to yet another. Data can be used to validate estimates, however unfortunately there is frequently a lack of relevant data and extrapolations are required.

A possible avenue to address this is through careful, detailed, and well documented analysis of specific topics that both cover a wide space of options and present detail sensitivities to relevant parameters. As parameters become better understood, the results of the analysis within the range of parameters can then be applied to the engineering design. It is important, however, that this analysis be based upon basic principles, accepted safety factors, and be carried out with rigor, such that the results can be trusted in future work. Lacking the appropriate background, it is very easy for an argument to emerge along the lines of “I think that number should be XXX” and “No, I think that number should be YYY”, without any rational means of resolving the conflict.

It should be possible to create tools to structure analyses such that both documentation and sensitivity evaluation become easier. Strict documentation of every parameter along with specification of a range for sensitivity of that parameter could be required. The system could then iteratively investigate the parameter space to represent the sensitivities. The difficulty with this, though, would that the system may tend to constrain the capabilities of experienced engineers who can more intuitively address the questions at hand and quickly narrow the space of options. In addition, a new need to analyze and represent a much larger dataset would result.

If this approach were undertaken, a form of continuous peer review and parameter linking could be possible.

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DevelopSpace Information Systems

2016-03-02T13:50:29Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

This project serves to orchestrate the efforts of creating and maintaining DevelopSpace's information systems. At present, the primary focus is on identify what functionality is desired in DevelopSpace's systems in order to meet its goals. You can help by expanding on the content here.

=Our Objectives=
What are the objectives of DevelopSpace's information systems? What functionality is desired?

See the [[SiteRequests]] page for a listing of requested/suggested features.

==Comments==
I think there are a few things we should be trying to do with the DevelopSpace website:
# Foster a community of people interested in the technical aspects of space development
# Provide informational resources for people to both learn how to engage in relevant technical activities and aid them in doing so
# Provide services (such as project hosting), for groups and individuals engaged in space technical development
:--[[User:Pwooster|Pwooster]] 23:46, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

=Potential Models=

There are many existing open source (and other community-based) websites around that can serve as potential models for DevelopSpace. A number of these are listed below.

==Open Source Software Hosting Sites==

===SourceForge.net===
[http://sourceforge.net SourceForge.net] is the leading open source software hosting site. A listing of features is provided [http://sourceforge.net/docs/B02/en/ here]. Being able to provide at minimum a set of services similar to those provided by SourceForge would be useful in terms of attracting open source space software developers to DevelopSpace.

Originally the software behind SourceForge.net was open source, however it has since been closed. Two forks of the software, [http://www.gforge.org/ GForge] and [https://gna.org/projects/savane Savane], now exist which could be candidates for a basis for a DevelopSpace project hosting service.

===Other Open Source Hosting Tools===

There are many other open source hosting tools available. [http://trac.edgewall.org/ Trac] is a popular source code hosting tool and [http://drupal.org/ Drupal] is a popular content hosting system. It could be worth combining a source code hosting tool with a content hosting tool since there don't seem to be any available tools that do both functions well.

==Engineering, Design, and/or Science Related Sites==

===iMechanica.org===
[http://www.imechanica.org iMechanica] calls itself a "web of mechanics and mechanicians". It appears to have a relatively vibrant community of mechanics researchers and practitioners engaged in discussion of research results and general mechanics related topics. Their website is based upon [http://www.drupal.org Drupal].

===OpenWetWare.org===
[http://openwetware.org/ OpenWetWare] is an effort to share information among researchers and groups in biology & biological engineering. They appear to be providing hosting services for a large number of (primarily university) labs and some other biological research groups and and activities. Their website is based upon [http://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki].

===Open Architecture Network===
[http://www.openarchitecturenetwork.org/ Open Architecture Network] aims to use collaborative design to improve the living standard of people throughout the world. The site hosts architecture projects that openly make available their designs under various Creative Commons licenses. Wired has an [http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,72902-0.html article] regarding the project.

===Eng Tips forums===

[http://eng-tips.com/ Eng Tips] provides forums for engineers to ask questions of other engineers on various technical topics and receive relevant feedback. Receiving such mentoring and advice (directly related to space fields) could be quite useful for new engineers or engineers moving from other domains into the space engineering world.

==General Information Open Content Sites==

===Wikimedia Foundation===
The [http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/ Wikimedia Foundation] operates a series of wiki-based websites aiming towards "a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge." Their most well-known project is [http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia], an open-content, wiki-based encyclopedia, although they also have a number of other activities of note to DevelopSpace, in particular an open-content, wiki-based textbooks project called [http://www.wikibooks.org/ Wikibooks]. [http://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki] is an open source software project based on the software running these sites.

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Contact details

2016-03-02T13:50:25Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

MITRT mailing list [mailto:cats-team@mit.edu cats-team@mit.edu]

CU Spaceflight mailing list [mailto:cuspaceflight-admin@srcf.ucam.org cuspaceflight-admin@srcf.ucam.org]

{| border="1" width="100%"
! Name !! E-mail !! Phone !! IM !! Skype
|-
| Henry Hallam || [mailto:hallam@mit.edu hallam at mit.edu] || 1-617-909-5717 ||MSN: hmh33 at cam.ac.uk, AIM: hhchicken2|| hmh_33
|-
| Zach Bailey || [mailto:nospamzbailey@mit.edu zbailey at mit.edu] || || ||
|-
| Ryan McLinko || [mailto:mclinkor@mit.edu mclinkor at mit.edu] || || AIM: rmmlg08 ||
|-
| Peter Brett || [mailto:peterATpeter-bDOTcoDOTuk peter at peter-b.co.uk] || +44 (0)7734 899957|| MSN: peter@peter-b.co.uk || petertbbrett
|-
| Fergus Noble || [mailto:nospamfn217@cam.ac.uk fn217 at cam.ac.uk] || +44 (0)7969 207686 || MSN: fergus_noble@hotmail.com ||
|-
| Ed Moore || [mailto:nospameam52@cam.ac.uk eam52 at cam.ac.uk] || +44 (0)7789 933271 || MSN: woodstockmoores@beeb.net || eddy_moore
||
|-
| Sal Drummond|| sd403 at cam.ac.uk || +44 (0)7731 447060 || MSN: odd_soc@hotmail.com|| oddsoc
|-
| Rob Anderson || [mailto:ra312@cam.ac.uk ra312@cam.ac.uk] || +44 (0)7871 543504 || MSN: rob_anderson87@hotmail.com || ra_312
|-
| Iain Waugh || [mailto:icw26@cam.ac.uk icw26@cam.ac.uk] || +44 (0)7903 074597 || || iain.waugh
|}

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Conferences

2016-03-02T13:50:20Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

DevelopSpace and CosmosCode have papers at the following conferences. The conference names link to the outlines of their respective papers / presentations. The external link after each conference goes to the conference website.

* [[O'Reilly OSCON]] - July 23-27, 2007 - Portland, OR [http://conferences.oreillynet.com/os2007/]
* [[AIAA/USU SmallSat]] - August 13-16, 2007 - Logan, UT [http://www.smallsat.org]
* [[AIAA Space 2007]] - September 18-20, 2007 - Long Beach, CA [http://www.aiaa.org/space2007/]
* [[IAC 2007]] - September 24-28, 2007 - Hyderabad, India [http://www.iac2007.org.in/]

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Concrete Production and Construction

2016-03-02T13:50:15Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

A type of cement called Magnesium Oxychloride cement has shown promise for construction on Mars. It is much stronger than Portland cement, it is impermeable and unlike Portland cement, it can cure in the atmospheric conditions found on Mars.

=Characteristics=

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOS), also called Sorel cement, is a type of hydraulic cement made from a mixture of reactive magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and water. It was discovered by French civil engineer Stanislas Sorel in 1867 and has had limited application in grindstones, tiles and billiard balls. It has not been used in structural applications due to poor water resistance.

==Chemical properties==

MOS is a mixture of magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and water in a stoichiometric ratio of 5:1:13, although this can be varied according to the application and temperature. The mixture forms microscopic needle like crystals in different phases depending on the temperature, with the phase being denoted by the ratio of magnesium to magnesium chloride. At temperatures below 10C, phase 3 dominates, while phase 5 dominates at higher temperatures. Below 10C, it will not normally solidify and will form crystals in suspension ''(why?)''.

==Physical properties==

MOC without aggregate has shown compressive strength approaching 20000 PSI.

=Production=

==Raw Materials==

===Magnesium Chloride and Sulfate===

Magnesium Sulfate has been directly detected on Mars and could be easily extracted from soil or salt deposits.

The magnesium Chloride could be extracted from some of the salt deposits that have been detected on Mars by processes similar to those used on Earth.

===Magnesium Oxide===

The reactive magnesium oxide can be produced from several sources. brucite (magnesium hydroxide) or magnesite (magnesium carbonate) can be heated and broken down to magnesium oxide directly with either water or carbon dioxide as a by-product. It can also be produced by pyrohydrolysis of magnesium chloride, with hydrochloric acid as a by-product.

==Processing==

===Magnesium Chloride and Sulfate===

These salts can be separated from saline deposits by simple evaporative processes requiring little energy input, as commonly done here on Earth.

===Magnesium Oxide===

Depending on the raw materials available, a variety of options are available for producing the reactive magnesium oxide. With brucite and magnesite, direct calcination (thermal decomposition) will work. Using magnesium chloride, some form of hydrolysis is needed to convert it to magnesium oxide.

Using brucite, heating to 300C will produce reactive magnesium oxide with water as a by-product. This can be accomplished by a simple solar concentrator or eklectric heating, depending on power generating options available. This temperature is low enough that waste heat could be used from other processes.

With magnesite as a raw material, heating to around 600C will produce magnesium oxide with carbon dioxide as a by-product. This requires much greater energy input than with brucite, and the higher temperature precludes the use of most waste heat. Using brucite or magnesite would require finding high grade deposits, as well as a great deal of quarrying and preprocessing.

Magnesium oxide can also be produced from magnesium chloride through some variation of the Aman process, in which brine is fed into a spray roaster and hydrolyzed to magnesium oxide at around 600C. The energy input is much greater than the two previous processes due to heating a great deal of water, but logistically it would be much simpler. It requires only one raw material for both major components of the cement, and handling of the raw materials could potentially be much simpler.

If large quantities of alkali salts are found, the magnesium hydroxide could be precipitated out of a magnesium chloride solution and calcined with a fairly low energy input as described previously. Adding an alkali salt raises the pH of the solution, causing hydroxide ions to bind with magnesium ions to form insoluble magnesium hydroxide.

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Balloon Launch

2016-03-02T13:50:10Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

[[Contact details]]

[[Requirements]]

[[Task List]]

[[n^2 Matrix]]

[[Resources]]

[[MATLAB Simulation]]

[[Mass Budget]]

[[Atmospheric conditions]]

[[Media:SEDSGuidelinesv31.doc | SEDS Competition Rules]]

[[Testing]]

[[Rocket Models]]

== Schedule ==

Oct/Nov 2007: NOVA 6 (CU)

09-12 Nov 2007: SEDS SpaceVision (MIT)

01 Feb 2008: Letter of intent deadline

approx. Apr 2008: Detailed report deadline

approx. Aug 2008: Abort test + motor test deadlines (New Mexico?)

approx. Oct 2008: SEDS Competition (New Mexico)

== Avionics ==

ROCKET sensors:
* GPS (for retrieval) - COCOM issues
* barometric altimeter?

PLATFORM sensors:
* 2 axis gyro, to determine orientation relative to ground (i.e. [http://www.analog.com/en/prod/0,2877,ADXL320,00.html ADXL320])
* camera (consider digital with onboard encoder so we can more easily store and transport the video, i.e. [http://www3.elphel.com/en/products])
* GPS (for retrieval)
* barometric altimeter

PLATFORM comms:
* low-bandwidth uplink (ARM, FIRE, etc)
* high-bandwidth downlink (video, plus some GPS and altimeter data)

Example link budget:
* Receive power = (Transmit power) + (Antenna Gains) - (Free Space Loss)
* Free Space Loss (dB) = 20*log(4*pi*distance/wavelength)
* Noise floor = -174dBm (receiver at room temperature) + log10(bandwidth in Hz) + CNR(dB)
* so for zero gain antennas, 5MHz bandwidth, CNR=+9dB, we need -98dBm receive power
* Free Space Loss for 2.4GHz signal at 30km is about 130dB
* Therefore, (Transmit power) >= 32dBm = 1.6 Watts
* Goes up to 16 Watts when we're at 100km

==Propulsion==
[[Media:Propulsion.xls]]

==Atmospheric Conditions==
used the DesktopAero to tabulate key conditions at an altitude of 75000 ft, assuming the balloon speed to be 20, 50, 100 and 250 ft/sec respectively.
[[Media:rocket data.xls]]

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Astrodynamics Library

2016-03-02T13:50:05Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=General Astrodynamics=

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630001631_1963001631.pdf CELESTIAL MECHANICS AND SPACE FLIGHT ANALYSIS, NASA-SP-15 (PDF)] [Gates et al., 1962]

==Gravity Assist==

*[http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/35698/1/93-1421.pdf Maneuver Design for the Galileo VEEGA Trajectory, AAS-93-566] [1993] VEEGA stands for Venus-Earth-Earth-Gravity-Assist

=Earth orbit missions=

==NASA Orbital Flight Handbook==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630011221_1963011221.pdf SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME I- ORBITAL FLIGHT HANDBOOK, PART 1 - BASIC TECHNIQUES AND DATA, NASA-SP-33, Part 1 (PDF)] [Kraft, Townsend, 1963]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630011222_1963011222.pdf SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME I- ORBITAL FLIGHT HANDBOOK, PART 2 - MISSION SEQUENCING PROBLEMS, NASA-SP-33, Part 2 (PDF)] [Kraft, Townsend, 1963]

=Lunar Missions=

==NASA Lunar Flight Handbook==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630011224_1963011224.pdf SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME 2- LUNAR FLIGHT HANDBOOK. PART 1 - BACKGROUND MATERIAL, NASA-SP-34, PT. 1 (PDF)] [1963]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630011225_1963011225.pdf SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME 2- LUNAR FLIGHT HANDBOOK PART 2 - LUNAR MISSION PHASES, NASA-SP-34, PT. 2 (PDF)] [1963]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630011226_1963011226.pdf SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME 2- LUNAR FLIGHT HANDBOOK. PART 3 - MISSION PLANNING, NASA-SP-34, PT. 3 (PDF)] [1963]

=Planetary Missions=

==NASA Planetary Flight Handbook==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19640004262_1964004262.pdf Space flight handbooks. volume 3- planetary flight handbook, NASA-SP-35, Part 1 (PDF)] [Ross, 1963]

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660011756_1966011756.pdf Space Flight Handbook. Volume III - Planetary Flight Handbook. Part 5 - Trajectories to Jupiter, Ceres, and Vesta, NASA-SP-35, Part 5 (PDF)] [Ross, 1965] Handbook of trajectory data for flights to Jupiter and the asteroids Ceres and Vesta

==General planetary Flybys==

*[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690005335_1969005335.pdf Flight trajectories around planets with return to earth, NASA-CR-98693 (PDF)] [1969]

==Trajectories to and from Mars==

===Mars flyby trajectories===

*[[:image:Multiple_planet_flyby_missions_to_Venus_and_Mars_in_1975_to_1980_time_period.pdf|Multiple planet flyby missions to Venus and Mars in 1975 to 1980 time period]] [NASA/TM X-53511, 1966] Powered and free-return Venus-Mars flyby trajectories from 1975 - 1980

===Mars stopover trajectories===

*[[:image:Round-trip_trajectories_with_stopovers_at_both_Mars_and_Venus.pdf|Round-trip trajectories with stopovers at both Mars and Venus]] [NASA TN D-5758, 1970]

*[[:image:Interplanetary_Mission_Design_Handbook_Earth-to-Mars_Mission_Opportunities_and_Mars-to-Earth_Return_Opportunities_2009-2024.pdf|Interplanetary Mission Design Handbook Earth-to-Mars Mission Opportunities and Mars-to-Earth Return Opportunities 2009-2024]] [NASA/TM-1998-208533, 1998] Summary of Earth-to-Mars and Mars-to-Earth trajectories for piloted and cargo missions in the 2009-2024 timeframe; includes information on C3 energy and declination of Mars/ Earth arrival and departure

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Arthur's Task List

2016-03-02T13:50:01Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

= Projects =
* Continue to clean up MinMars project as the 'flagship' project example
*Clean up project repository
** Move DevelopSpace Information Systems Project & Open Source Engineering Tools Project out of Projects group and into new section?
** What should be done with MIT SSAG and MIT Rocket Team "Projects"?
** What should be done with Mars Solar Project?
* Create new projects: Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle Concepts for Near-Term Human Exploration Missions beyond Low Earth Orbit; Flexible Path Design

= Project Hosting =
* Develop new section for assisting new projects from outside of DevelopSpace to use our site (infrastructure, user manuals, templates, etc)

= Exploration Reference Library =
* Clean up and update reference library
* Try to include 1-2 line summaries of references

= Information System Section =
* Integrate DevelopSpace Information System project and SiteRequests sections

= Open-source Philosophy Section =
* Look into developing stand-alone open-source section
* Possibility of including reference library on open-source systems
* Integrate Interesting Links section

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Architecture of DevelopSpace

2016-03-02T13:49:57Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

#REDIRECT [[DevelopSpace Information Systems]]

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Apophis Mission Design Project

2016-03-02T13:49:53Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=General References=

*[http://planetary.org/programs/projects/apophis_competition/ Planetary Society Apophis Mission Design Competition] [2007]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99942_Apophis Apophis NEA page on wikipedia] [2007]

*[http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/ JPL Near Earth Object Program] [2007]

=Analysis=

=Status Updates=

*[[:image:ApophisJuly5TeleconSummary.pdf|Summary of July 5 team telecon]]

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Apollo Mission Descriptions

2016-03-02T13:49:38Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

=Introduction=

Under Construction...

=Uncrewed Test Flights=

==Apollo 4==

==Apollo 6==

=Crewed Apollo Missions=

==Apollo 7==

==Apollo 8==

==Apollo 9==

==Apollo 10==

==Apollo 11==

==Apollo 12==

==Apollo 13==

==Apollo 14==

==Apollo 15==

*[[:Image:Apollo15Traverses.jpg|Apollo 15 surface exploration traverses]] (actual as opposed to planned traverses) overlaid on landing site photograph; excellent quality photograph (large file)

*[[:Image:Apollo15PressKit.pdf|Apollo 15 mission press kit]] [NASA 1971]

*[http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.html Apollo Lunar Surface Journal: Apollo 15 page] [1995]

*[http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-15/apollo-15.html NASA KSC Apollo 15 reference page] [2001]

*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo15info.html NASA GSFC Apollo 15 reference page] [2006]

==Apollo 16==

==Apollo 17==

=Canceled Crewed Missions=

==Apollo 18==

==Apollo 19==

==Apollo 20==

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AIAA Space 2007 Abstract

2016-03-02T13:49:34Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

The following is an abstract related to DevelopSpace submited to the AIAA Space 2007 Conference.

===Opening Space for Humanity - Applying Open Source Concepts to Human Space Activities===

The open source paradigm has caused major shifts in the way that software is developed, tested, used, maintained, and enhanced. A significant fraction of the infrastructure underpinning the Internet is based upon open source software, and a number of major commercial open source software projects exist for creating a wide variety of professional software applications. As just one example, SourceForge.net, a major open source software portal has over 1.5 million registered users and close to 150,000 projects. The open source concepts fostered in the software realm are also now transitioning to a variety of other fields. One example is Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia, which features user generated content under a free/open source license; Wikipedia has grown to include millions of articles in over a hundred languages. Another example is MIT’s OpenCourseWare initiative which aims to put all of the educational materials from MIT's undergraduate- and graduate-level courses online, free and openly available to anyone, anywhere.

With the open source paradigm gaining traction in a variety of fields, the question arises as to in what ways open source concepts can be applied towards space endeavors. This paper both examines the potential for applying open source towards human space activities and highlights space-related areas where open source concepts are already being applied. We find that open source holds much promise for benefiting space endeavors. Open source can clearly be applied in the space software arena, including in modeling and design tools, ground software, and flight software. This paradigm can also be applied beyond the software arena, in areas such as entire system designs, reference data, system verification/validation procedures and results, and relevant education and training materials.

This paper includes a number of observations related to the potential for applying open source concepts towards human space activities, including:
# There exist a number of technical, financial, and political barriers to human expansion into space.
# New and more fully developed technologies, systems, and tools will be of assistance in breaking down the technical barriers to the growing human exploration and settlement of space.
# Human expansion into space captivates a large number of people around the world, although many of them are not at present actively involved in making it happen.
# Many people around the world have skills relevant to advancing the human exploration and development of space, including a great many who are not currently involved in doing so.
# Significant activity is already underway around the world in government, academia, industry, and the non-profit sector towards advancing the human exploration and development of space, although frequently much work is duplicated or lacks adequate focus to make a true contribution.
# Information technologies are advancing rapidly and can enable space development-related collaboration and the sharing of models, tools, methods, results, designs, and other knowledge. Doing so will enable an individual or group to build upon earlier work more directly and will provide greater focus as to what work is worth engaging in.
# Having an opportunity to make a meaningful contribution towards space exploration and development provides an inspiration and incentive for individuals to learn the math, science, and engineering skills involved in so doing.
# Having a chance to be actively involved in space exploration and settlement activities makes one a greater supporter of such endeavors.
# Having a common, open source resource-base on which to draw will allow government, industry, and academia to focus on the truly innovative aspects of their endeavors, rather than having to recreate existing capabilities.

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AIAA Space 2007

2016-03-02T13:49:29Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

*Accepted for poster session
*Paper due 10 Aug 2007

=Opening Space for Humanity - Applying Open Source Concepts towards Human Exploration and Development of Space=

==Extended Abstract==

The open source paradigm has caused major shifts in the way that software is developed,
tested, used, maintained, and enhanced. A significant fraction of the infrastructure
underpinning the Internet is based upon open source software, and a number of major
commercial open source software projects exist for creating a wide variety of
professional software applications. As just one example, SourceForge.net, a major open
source software portal has over 1.5 million registered users and close to 150,000 projects.
The open source concepts fostered in the software realm are also now transitioning to a
variety of other fields. One example is Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia, which features
user generated content under a free/open source license; Wikipedia has grown to include
millions of articles in over a hundred languages. Another example is MIT’s
OpenCourseWare initiative which aims to put all of the educational materials from MIT's
undergraduate- and graduate-level courses online, free and openly available to anyone,
anywhere.

With the open source paradigm gaining traction in a variety of fields, the question arises
as to in what ways open source concepts can be applied towards space endeavors. This
paper both examines the potential for applying open source towards human space
activities and highlights space-related areas where open source concepts are already
being applied. We find that open source holds much promise for benefiting space
endeavors. Open source can clearly be applied in the space software arena, including in
modeling and design tools, ground software, and flight software. This paradigm can also
be applied beyond the software arena, in areas such as entire system designs, reference
data, system verification/validation procedures and results, and relevant education and
training materials.

This paper includes a number of observations related to the potential for applying open
source concepts towards human space activities, including:

1) There exist a number of technical, financial, and political barriers to human expansion
into space.

2) New and more fully developed technologies, systems, and tools will be of assistance in
breaking down the technical barriers to the growing human exploration and settlement of
space.

3) Human expansion into space captivates a large number of people around the world,
although many of them are not at present actively involved in making it happen.

4) Many people around the world have skills relevant to advancing the human
exploration and development of space, including a great many who are not currently
involved in doing so.

5) Significant activity is already underway around the world in government, academia,
industry, and the non-profit sector towards advancing the human exploration and
development of space, although frequently much work is duplicated or lacks adequate
focus to make a true contribution.

6) Information technologies are advancing rapidly and can enable space developmentrelated
collaboration and the sharing of models, tools, methods, results, designs, and
other knowledge. Doing so will enable an individual or group to build upon earlier work
more directly and will provide greater focus as to what work is worth engaging in.

7) Having an opportunity to make a meaningful contribution towards space exploration
and development provides an inspiration and incentive for individuals to learn the math,
science, and engineering skills involved in so doing.

8) Having a chance to be actively involved in space exploration and settlement activities
makes one a greater supporter of such endeavors.

9) Having a common, open source resource-base on which to draw will allow
government, industry, and academia to focus on the truly innovative aspects of their
endeavors, rather than having to recreate existing capabilities.

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AIAA/USU SmallSat

2016-03-02T13:49:25Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

*Accepted for full presentation
*Paper due June 11, 2007

=Title: Open Source Software for Small Satellites=

==Abstract==

The open source approach to software development has radically changed the
way in which many software applications have been created and improved over
time. This paper examines both the current state and the potential future
directions for free and open source software in the space realm, with a
particular emphasis towards developers of small satellites. The significant
benefits of open source software for small satellites are described,
including how it can increase reliability, decrease cost, and increase
flexibility as compared to closed source software or software developed
exclusively in-house. Software currently under development by the open
source space software community is examined, including software released
under the NASA Open Source Agreement (NOSA). The potential for increasing
the openness of small satellite flight software is described and discussion
is included regarding how members of the small satellite community can
contribute to such activities.

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2007-2008

2016-03-02T13:49:21Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

* [[Oct 21 Telecon]]

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2004-2005

2016-03-02T13:49:15Z

HelenDiaz: minor updates

[[Media:111504.doc]]

[[Media:112204.doc]]

[[Media:112904.doc]]

[[Media:120604.doc]]

[[Media:020705.doc]]

[[Media:021405.doc]]

[[Media:031405.doc]]

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